Phenotypic diversity of twenty promising accessions of native and commercial mangoes introduced in Colombia

Abstract

High genetic variability is one of the consequences of the adaptation processes of species to extreme abiotic and biotic factors, which contributes to ensuring their persistence against possible risks. Colombia has established more than 200 ecotypes of native mangoes, however, in most of these important properties that are a fundamental input for improvement programs are unknown, therefore, their characterization implies a significant advance in scientific and technological terms for the chain. For this reason, the characterization of the quantitative and qualitative variability of three commercial accessions introduced and seventeen native ones, collected in the germplasm bank of the Colombian nation, in charge of the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA and in the three main mango producing departments in Colombia: Cundinamarca, Tolima and Antioquia. For the determination of the chemical variables, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and the relationship between total soluble solids and titratable acidity were evaluated. Of the sixty physical variables, thirty-nine were useful for differentiation between accessions. The quantitative descriptors were analyzed using the Pearson matrix and according to the principal component analysis. Components 1, 2 and 3 explained 72 % of the total variance. The qualitative variables were analyzed by the similarity matrix using the Gower distance. The dendrogram was obtained by the UPGMA clustering method, with four classes. For the chemical characteristics, the statistical analysis showed significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) between the materials evaluated. Kala Alphonso and Mariquiteño were the varieties with the highest values in total soluble solids >25, while Chancleto, was the one with the highest percentage of citric acid 0,55.