Uso del bloqueo erector de la espina dorsal como tratamiento del dolor agudo de reja costal de origen traumático. Revisión narrativa de la literatura
Resumen
El bloqueo del plano del músculo erector de la espina es un bloqueo interfacial que proporciona bloqueo sensorial de múltiples dermatomas en región anterior y posterior del tórax con gran beneficio analgésico en pacientes con dolor torácico severo de origen traumático. Esta técnica de anestesia y analgesia regional –guiada por ecografía– ha venido surtiendo buenos resultados con menos complicaciones, generando interés en la comunidad científica y motivando la realización de estudios para la evaluación del impacto clínico.
El uso clínico de esta técnica en los pacientes con dolor agudo severo postraumático del tórax de difícil manejo ha venido ocupando un mayor uso y podría considerarse como una buena estrategia para el abordaje temprano de estos pacientes. Esta revisión narrativa de la literatura resume los resultados obtenidos en publicaciones reportadas entre el 2020 al 2023 sobre la respuesta analgésica y posibles complicaciones en el uso de esta técnica en el mencionado grupo de pacientes. Esta revisión incluyó 16 artículos de los que se extrajeron datos que permitieron evaluar la respuesta analgésica según la disminución en la escala de valoración analgésica y los eventos adversos presentados. La respuesta analgésica favorable que provee esta técnica de anestesia y analgesia regional podría disminuir los efectos secundarios relacionados con la administración de medicamentos opioides y el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria.
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Ciencias de la SaludReferencias bibliográficas
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