Identificação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação em Popayán por meio de modelos de nicho ecológico
Resumo
Este estudo identifica áreas prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade em Popayán, Colômbia, utilizando modelagem de nichos ecológicos (ENM). Esta pesquisa responde à necessidade de ferramentas precisas para o planejamento ambiental em ambientes urbanos e periurbanos. Foram coletados dados georreferenciados de 18 espécies representativas de seis taxons (anfíbios, aves, insetos, mamíferos, plantas e répteis) a partir de plataformas de ciência cidadã, como iNaturalist e GBIF. Os registros foram processados e complementados com 19 variáveis bioclimáticas obtidas do WorldClim, ajustadas a uma resolução de 600 m para garantir maior precisão nos modelos.
A metodologia incluiu a calibração de modelos utilizando o pacote KUENM em R, avaliados com critérios estatísticos como ROC parcial, taxas de omissão e AICc. Os resultados permitiram identificar áreas com alta densidade de espécies, concentradas principalmente em zonas urbanas e periurbanas, destacando valores de até 18 espécies por hectare. Essas áreas foram identificadas como prioritárias para a conservação, sugerindo sua integração em estratégias de gestão ambiental, como a criação de espaços verdes e a implementação de políticas sustentáveis.
Os resultados destacam o valor da modelagem de nichos ecológicos como ferramenta para o planejamento e a conservação da biodiversidade em áreas urbanas, embora ressaltem a necessidade de superar limitações como o viés nos dados e a falta de informações sobre microhabitats.
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