Identificación de áreas prioritarias para la conservación en Popayán mediante modelos de nicho ecológico
Resumen
Este estudio identifica áreas prioritarias para la conservación de la biodiversidad en Popayán, Colombia, utilizando modelado de nichos ecológicos (ENM). Esta investigación responde a la necesidad de herramientas precisas para la planificación ambiental en entornos urbanos y periurbanos. Se recopilaron datos georreferenciados de 18 especies representativas de seis taxones (anfibios, aves, insectos, mamíferos, plantas y reptiles) a partir de plataformas de ciencia ciudadana como iNaturalist y GBIF. Los registros fueron procesados y complementados con 19 variables bioclimáticas obtenidas de WorldClim, ajustadas a una resolución de 600 m para garantizar mayor precisión en los modelos.
La metodología incluyó la calibración de modelos utilizando el paquete KUENM en R, evaluados con criterios estadísticos como ROC parcial, tasas de omisión y AICc. Los resultados permitieron identificar áreas con alta densidad de especies, concentradas principalmente en zonas urbanas y periurbanas, destacando valores de hasta 18 especies por hectárea. Estas zonas se identificaron como prioritarias para la conservación, sugiriendo su integración en estrategias de manejo ambiental, como la creación de espacios verdes y la implementación de políticas sostenibles.
Los hallazgos resaltan el valor del modelado de nichos ecológicos como herramienta para la planificación y conservación de la biodiversidad en áreas urbanas, aunque subrayan la necesidad de superar limitaciones como el sesgo en los datos y la falta de información sobre microhábitats.
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