Riesgo cardiovascular asociado al trastorno de estrés postraumático: revisión narrativa y llamado a la acción en Colombia
Resumen
Este manuscrito corresponde a una revisión narrativa sobre la relación entre el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y el riesgo cardiovascular, con especial énfasis en el contexto colombiano. En Colombia, un país con altas tasas de desplazamiento forzado y violencia estructural, la prevalencia del TEPT alcanza hasta el 35 %, sin que sus implicaciones cardiovasculares sean ampliamente estudiadas. Esta revisión analiza mecanismos fisiopatológicos comunes entre ambas condiciones, incluyendo la disfunción del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal (HHA), la activación inmunológica, la neuroinflamación y la disrupción en redes neuronales como la amígdala-corteza prefrontal y la red de saliencia, que influyen en la reactividad autonómica y el control del estrés.
Se revisaron estudios que identifican biomarcadores inflamatorios elevados (PCR, IL-1β, IFN-γ), hipocortisolismo, y disfunción autonómica en pacientes con TEPT. Asimismo, se discuten aspectos genéticos y epigenéticos vinculados al trastorno, como los genes PARK2, SH3RF3 y PODXL, y su posible rol en la vulnerabilidad cardiovascular. Finalmente, se plantea la necesidad de integrar estrategias de prevención cardiovascular en el abordaje del TEPT en Colombia, promoviendo investigación local y el desarrollo de políticas públicas que reconozcan la intersección entre salud mental y enfermedades cardiovasculares en poblaciones vulnerables.
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psiquiatriaReferencias bibliográficas
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Derechos de autor 2025 Universidad del Cauca
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